A Review on STBC Design with Two Transmit Antennas
Even Becker
International Journal of Computational and Electronic Aspects in Engineering
Volume 4: Issue 4, December 2023, pp 127-133
Author's Information
Even Becker 1
Corresponding Author
1Division of Wireless Communications and Radio Positioning (WICON), RPTU KaiserslauternLandau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
ebecker@eit.uni-kl.de
Abstract:-
Detection schemes that can outperform the conventional Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code (STBC) in real practical situations (imperfect CSI, time-varying fast fading channels, spatially correlated channels, ...) are investigated. This article focuses on the case of 2×1 and 2×2 MIMO systems, which are attractive in IoT and industrial communications due to multiple antennas design cost and need of fast prototyping. Indeed, large MIMO arrays are not suitable for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) devices where coding/decoding complexity has to be low. The optimization of 2×2 MIMO systems is therefore receiving renewed interest.Index Terms:-
space-time block code; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); fast fading channels; spatially correlated channelsREFERENCES
- R. Ratasuk, N. Mangalvedhe, G. Lee and D. Bhatoolaul, "Reduced capability devices for 5G IoT," in IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2021.
Crossref - A. Khaleel and E. Basar, "Reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered MIMO systems," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 4358-4366, 2020.
Crossref - W. Tang, J. Y. Dai, M. Z. Chen, Y. Han, X. Li, C.-K. Wen, S. Jin, Q. Cheng and T. J. Cui, "Realization of reconfigurable intelligent surface-based Alamouti space-time transmission," in International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2020.
Crossref - S. M. Alamouti, "A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications," IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1451-1458, 1998.
Crossref - V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs," IEEE Transactions on Information theory, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1456-1467, 1999.
Crossref - S. Petersen, "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems for Spinning Vehicles," in International Telemetering Conference, 2010.
Online - L. Mucchi, T. Palandri, E. Del Re and R. Fantacci, "Space-time MMSE reception in multisatellite UMTS" in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2003.
Crossref - T. Nelson and M. Rice, "Detection of offset QPSK with orthogonal space-time block codes over a static channel," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1902-1906, 2010.
Crossref - P. Pathak and R. Pandey, "A novel Alamouti STBC technique for MIMO system using 16-QAM modulation and moving average filter," Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 49-55, 2014.
Online - V. Tarokh and H. Jafarkhani, "A differential detection scheme for transmit diversity," IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1169-1174, 2000.
Crossref - E. Becker, "SDR Design and Implementation of Differential STBC Transmission," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, vol. 14, no. 3, 2023.
Crossref - P. Fan, "Multiple-symbol detection for transmit diversity with differential encoding scheme," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 96-100, 2001.
Crossref - P. Tarasak and V. K. Bhargava, "Reduced complexity multiple symbol differential detection of space-time block code," in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002.
Crossref - P. M. Castro, A. Dapena, J. A. Garcia-Naya and J. Labrador, "A low-cost decision-aided channel estimation method for Alamouti OSTBC," Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, pp. 1597-1604, 2013.
Crossref - N. S. Ali, K. K. Abdalla and S. A. Kadhim, "BER Performance Improvement of Alamouti MIMO-STBC Decoder Using Mutual Information Method," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1530, no. 1, pp. 12-16, 2020.
Crossref - P. Comon and C. Jutten, Handbook of Blind Source Separation: Independent component analysis and applications, Academic press, 2010.
Online - E. Beres and R. Adve, "Blind channel estimation for orthogonal STBC in MISO systems," in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM, 2004.
Crossref - A. Dapena, H. J. Perez-Iglesias and V. Zarzoso, "Blind channel estimation based on maximizing the eigenvalue spread of cumulant matrices in (2 × 1) Alamouti's coding schemes," Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 516-528, 2012.
Crossreff - J. Via, I. Santamaria, J. Perez and D. Ramirez, "Blind decoding of MISO-OSTBC systems based on principal component analysis," in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 2006.
Crossref - J.-K. Zhang and W.-K. Ma, "Full diversity blind Alamouti space--time block codes for unique identification of flat-fading channels," IEEE transactions on signal processing, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 635-644, 2008.
Crossref - T. A. Tran and A. B. Sesay, "A generalized simplified ML decoder of orthogonal space-time block code for wireless communications over time-selective fading channels," in IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002.
Crossref - H. MING, A unified approach for the performance analysis of unitary spare-time block codes, Thesis, National University of Singapore, 2004.
Online - Y. Zhang and D. Li, "MMSE linear detector for space-time transmit diversity over fast fading channels," 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 3, pp. 2388-2392, 2003.
Crossref - D. Yu, "MMSE detection for space-time block coding over time-selective fading channels," in Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008.
Crossref - D. Yu and J. H. Lee, "A QR-based detection scheme of orthogonal space-time block codes for very fast fading channels," in 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference, 2006.
Crossref - A. Paulraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore, Introduction to space-time wireless communications, Cambridge university press, 2003.
Online - A. Kuhestani and P. Azmi, "Design of efficient full-rate linear dispersion space-time block codes over correlated fading channels," IET Communications, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1243-1253, 2013.
Crossref - K. T. Phan, S. A. Vorobyov and C. Tellambura, "Precoder design for space-time coded systems over correlated Rayleigh fading channels using convex optimization," IEEE transactions on signal processing, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 814-819, 2008.
Crossref - C. He, H. Luan, X. Li, C. Ma, L. Han and Z. J. Wang, "A simple, high-performance space--time code for MIMO backscatter communications," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 3586-3591, 2020.
Crossref - H. Luan, X. Xie, L. Han, C. He and Z. J. Wang, "A better than Alamouti OSTBC for MIMO backscatter communications," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1117-1131, 2021.
Crossref - B. Hassibi and B. M. Hochwald, "High-rate codes that are linear in space and time," IEEE Transactions on Information theory, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1804-1824, 2002.
Crossref - A. Ghaderipoor, M. Hajiaghayi and C. Tellambura, "On the design of 2x2 full-rate full-diversity space-time block codes," in IEEE GLOBECOM (Global Telecommunications Conference), 2007.
Crossref - J.-C. Belfiore, G. Rekaya and E. Viterbo, "The golden code: a 2×2 full-rate space-time code with nonvanishing determinants," IEEE Transactions on information theory, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1432-1436, 2005.
Crossref - S. S. H. Bidaki, S. Talebi and M. Shahabinejad, "A full-rate full-diversity 2x2 space-time block code with linear complexity for the maximum likelihood receiver," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 842-844, 2011.
Crossref - J. M. Paredes, A. B. Gershman and M. Gharavi-Alkhansari, "A new full-rate full-diversity space-time block code with nonvanishing determinants and simplified maximum-likelihood decoding," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2461-2469, 2008.
Crossref - P. Rabiei, N. Al-Dhahir and R. Calderbank, "New rate-2 STBC design for 2 TX with reduced-complexity maximum likelihood decoding," IEEE Transactions on wireless communications, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1803-1813, 2009.
Crossref
To view full paper, Download here